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Overview:

The Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG) is an independent federal agency responsible for all non-military broadcasting sponsored by the U.S. government. Once a part of the United States Information Agency, BBG oversees seven international broadcasters. BBG seeks to “promote and sustain freedom” through the broadcast of news and information about the United States and the world to overseas audiences. Some of BBG’s networks were created to promote a pro-American message to audiences in the Middle East—but instead they have broadcast unflattering accounts of the U.S. In addition, the leadership of the BBG has been the source of its own, unwanted, news for misuse of federal funds for gambling and to reward personal friends.

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History:

In 1990, all U.S. government international broadcasting services began to work more closely, as new media made newsgathering faster and more prevalent. That year, the U.S. Information Agency established the Bureau of Broadcasting to consolidate its three broadcasting services: the Voice of America, WORLDNET Television and Film Service, and Radio and TV Marti. These three came together under one organization and were supported by the Office of Engineering and Technical Operations. In 1991, the Bureau of Broadcasting created the Office of Affiliate Relations and Audience Analysis (renamed the Office of Affiliate Relations and Media Training in 1996). This office was charged with establishing and maintaining a network of affiliated radio and television stations around the globe to broadcast Voice of America and WORLDNET produced programs. Today, more than 1,200 radio and television stations receive programming through the Office of Affiliate Relations.

 
In 1994, President Bill Clinton signed the International Broadcasting Act, which consolidated federal government international broadcasting even further. With this legislation, the International Broadcasting Bureau (IBB) was created within the U.S. Information Agency (USIA), and the Broadcasting Board of Governors (BGG) was established. These governors were given oversight authority over all non-military government international broadcasting. The IBB is comprised of the Voice of America and Radio and TV Marti, along with the Office of Engineering and Technical Services. In 2004, WORLDNET TV was folded into Voice of America.
 
The BBG was organized under a Secretary of State (ex officio) and eight members appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. The first BBG was sworn in on August 11, 1995. The BBG became an independent agency on October 1, 1999, as a result of the Foreign Affairs Reform and Restructuring Act of 1998.
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What it Does:

The Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG) is responsible for all non-military international broadcasting sponsored by the federal government. In order to “promote and sustain freedom,” the BBG seeks to broadcast accurate and objective news about the United States and the world overseas audiences. BBG’s work involves reaching mass audiences by programming content for AM, FM, audio and video satellite, shortwave radio and the Internet, through seven independent broadcasting organizations that collectively broadcast in 65 languages in more than 125 markets around the world. The BBG is composed o The Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG) is responsible for all non-military international broadcasting sponsored by the federal government. In order to “promote and sustain freedom,” the BBG seeks to broadcast accurate and objective news about the United States and the world overseas audiences. BBG’s work involves reaching mass audiences by programming content for AM, FM, audio and video satellite, shortwave radio and the Internet, through seven independent broadcasting organizations that collectively broadcast in 65 languages in more than 125 markets around the world. The BBG is composed o The Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG) is responsible for all non-military international broadcasting sponsored by the federal government. In order to “promote and sustain freedom,” the BBG seeks to broadcast accurate and objective news about the United States and the world overseas audiences. BBG’s work involves reaching mass audiences by programming content for AM, FM, audio and video satellite, shortwave radio and the Internet, through seven independent broadcasting organizations that collectively broadcast in 65 languages in more than 125 markets around the world. The BBG is composed The Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG) is responsible for all non-military international broadcasting sponsored by the federal government. In order to “promote and sustain freedom,” the BBG seeks to broadcast accurate and objective news about the United States and the world overseas audiences. BBG’s work involves reaching mass audiences by programming content for AM, FM, audio and video satellite, shortwave radio and the Internet, through seven independent broadcasting organizations that collectively broadcast in 65 languages in more than 125 markets around the world. The BBG is composed of nine members, eight of whom are appointed by the President.

 
BBG’s programs consist of:
  • Voice of America (VOA) offers continuously updated programs on satellite, FM, AM and shortwave radio frequencies, as well as streaming media and downloadable formats at VOANews.com.  
  • Alhurra is a satellite TV channel broadcasting in the Middle East. 
  • Radio Sawa is an Arabic language radio station providing news and information to youth in Arabic-speaking countries. 
  • Radio Farda is a Persian language radio station based in Prague and Washington D.C. It broadcasts political, cultural, social and art news, with an emphasis on Iran. 
  • Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty is a radio and communications organization broadcasting in 28 languages around the world via shortwave, AM, FM and the Internet. It tries to promote democracy by “disseminating factual information and ideas.”
  • Radio Free Asia (RFA) is a private radio station broadcasting in nine Asian languages.
  • Radio Marti and TV Marti is a radio and television broadcaster located in Miami broadcasting Spanish-language programs to Cuba and the United States.
 
In early 2010, the BBG conducted tests that successfully transmitted email data to computers in China, bypassing Chinese Internet censor filters. The technology used, called Feed Over Email (FOE), compresses data so it can travel in an encoded stealth mode, undetected, and be decoded at the receiving end.
 
The BBG is also using social media to support popular democratic movements around the world, with Voice of America setting up Facebook pages and partnering with online video site Citizen Global.
From the Web Site of Broadcasting Board of Governors

 

 

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Where Does the Money Go:

The BBG spent more than $848 million on 30,536 contractor transactions during the period of FY 2002 to FY 2012. According to USASpending.gov, BBG paid for a variety of services, from communication, engineering and data storage to special studies and analyses in support of its programs.

 
These were the top five recipients of BBG money, including the amount each was paid by BBG and its percentage of overall contractor spending: 
1. Miscellaneous Foreign Contractors                                    $228,076,698 (27%) 
2. Intermedia Survey Institute                                                            $44,512,155    (5%)   
3. Thales                                                                                 $23,206,620    (3%)   
4. Asiasat BVI Limited                                                           $22,593,002    (3%)   
5. GPC Foreign Business                                                        $18,321,711    (2%)   
 
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Controversies:

BBG Networks Broadcast Anti-American Material

In June 2008, Alhurra and Sawa, founded by the Bush administration to promote a positive image of the United States in the Middle East, were found to have aired anti-American and anti-Israeli viewpoints, showcased pro-Iranian policies and given air time to a militant who called for the death of American soldiers in Iraq.
 
The federal government has spent almost $500 million to fund the Alhurra television network and the Sawa radio network. Launched as an alternative to Al Jazeera, Alhurra has suffered from numerous problems and gaffes. Alhurra’s reporters and commentators operate with little oversight. Alhurra’s president, Brian Conniff, does not speak Arabic and is unable to understand anything broadcast on the radio and television networks he is paid to manage. Conniff has no journalism experience and worked previously as a government auditor. His news director, Daniel Nassif, grew up in Lebanon and has no background in television. Before coming to the network, he helped promote the political aspirations in Washington of a Lebanese Christian former general.
 
BBG Head Removed from Board
In August 2006, The New York Times reported that Kenneth Y. Tomlinson, then-director of the Broadcasting Board of Governors, was being removed from office after a State Department report revealed that he had used his office to run a “horse racing operation” and that he improperly put a friend on the payroll. This came a year after Tomlinson had been removed from a position at the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, after another inquiry found that he had violated rules meant to insulate public television and radio from political influence.
Broadcast Chief Misused Office, Inquiry Reports (by Stephen Labaton, New York Times)          
 
Bush Appointees at Odds with National Public Radio Programming
In May 2005, The New York Times reported that executives at National Public Radio were increasingly at odds with Bush-appointed representatives at the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB), including Kenneth Tomlinson, then-chairman of the Broadcasting Board of Governors. CPB led by Tomlinson had appointed two ombudsmen to judge the content of programs for balance, and NPR station managers criticized this decision, urging CPB not to interfere in its editorial decisions. CPB also blocked NPR from broadcasting its programs at a Voice of America radio station in Berlin.
A Battle Over Programming at National Public Radio (by Stephen Labaton, New York Times)
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Debate:

Should the Voice of America (VOA) and other U.S. Government-Sponsored Broadcasts Spend more Time Emphasizing American Values?

This topic was discussed at a congressional hearing in April 2011 by the House Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations.
 
Yes:
Representative Dana Rohrabacher (R-California), chairman of the subcommittee, argued that the Broadcasting Board of Governors should steer their operations in the direction of promoting American values. The congressman and others believe the U.S. must accept the reality that it is fighting an “information war” with Islam, a war the country can’t afford to lose. “This is a very dangerous time, you must get activated,” Pamela Geller, the executive director of the Stop Islamization of America organization, said at a press conference. “Your children will not grow up in any world you will recognize. You will not like what comes after America.”
 
No:
Georgetown University lecturer Chris Chambers disagrees with the proposal to propagandize the VOA. To take this direction would only cause more residents of foreign countries to tune out these broadcasts, causing the U.S. to lose access to audiences. Emphasizing news and objective reporting will increase respect for U.S. government broadcasts, and allow the VOA to capture more listeners. Amir Fakhravar, with the Confederation of Iranian Students, complained at the hearing that the VOA’s Radio Farda has gone down the wrong path, bringing in staff with no journalism background and “boycotting and even slandering people they don’t agree with.”
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Former Directors:

James K. Glassman (June 2007 to December 2007)

 
James Glassman served as chairman of the Broadcasting Board of Governors for less than one year when he was selected by President George W. Bush in December 2007 to replace Karen Hughes as the Undersecretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs at the State Department.
 
Glassman is a graduate of Harvard University, where he was managing editor of the university daily, The Crimson.
 
Between July 1993 and July 2004, he was an investing columnist for The Washington Post. For four years, he also wrote an op-ed column for The Washington Post on political and economic issues. His articles have been published in The Wall Street Journal, The Los Angeles Times, Forbes, and other publications. Glassman's most recent book is The Secret Code of the Superior Investor.
 
Glassman was a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, a conservative Washington public policy think tank. He was editor-in-chief of The American, AEI’s bimonthly magazine of business and economics.
 
He was also the former president of The Atlantic Monthly Co., publisher of The New Republic, executive vice president of US News & World Report, and editor-in-chief and co-owner of Roll Call, the congressional newspaper.
 
Glassman hosts the PBS program Ideas in Action, and previously hosted Capital Gang Sunday on CNN and TechnoPolitics on PBS. In 2000, he co-founded Tech Central Station.com, a technology and policy web site.
 
He was a member of the President’s Council on the 21st Century Workforce and serves on the board of trustees of the U.S. Chamber Foundation and the Intel Corp. Public Policy Advisory Board. He has been named to head the George W. Bush Institute at the Bush Presidential Library, scheduled to open at Southern Methodist University in 2013.
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Comments

Jamal Hasan 2 years ago
The VOA Bangla Service Chief Iqbal B. Choudhury finally decided to retire. June 18th,2010 was his last day at work. Here is the video link of his farewell party: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eeDtKvPqkkw
Jamal Hasan 3 years ago
[MY LETTER TO VOA DIRECTOR] Mr. Danforth W. Austin December 21, 2009 Director, Voice of America 330 Independence Avenue, SW Washington, DC 20237. Dear Mr. Austin, With great pain and anguish I am writing this letter to you. I have been working with the Voice of America Bangla Service for the last eight years as a part-time broadcaster, commonly known as POV. I a...

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Founded: 1995
Annual Budget: $720.15 million (FY 2013 Request)
Employees: 1,871 (FY 2013 Estimate)
Official Website: http://www.bbg.gov/
Broadcasting Board of Governors
Shell, Jeffrey
Chairman

The Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG), a controversy and scandal plagued independent federal agency responsible for all non-military broadcasting sponsored by the U.S. government, is set to get a new chairman. President Obama on September 12 announced his intent to nominate broadcasting executive Jeffrey Shell, currently President of NBCUniversal International, to succeed Walter Isaacson, who has been chair since June 2010.

 

Born circa 1965, Shell earned B.S. degrees in Economics and Applied Mathematics at the University of California at Berkeley in 1987. After working two years at Wall Street investment banking firm Salomon Brothers, Shell later told an interviewer “I wanted to work for a real business,” and returned to school to earn an MBA from Harvard Business School in 1991.

 

Shell began his career on the business side of television working in the Corporate Strategic Planning Group at the Walt Disney Company, and then in a variety of positions at Rupert Murdoch’s News Corporation, including as president of the FOX Cable Networks Group. Shell worked for Gemstar TV Guide International from 2002 to 2005, starting as co-president and co-chief operating officer and ending as CEO.

 

Shell was president of Comcast Programming Group from 2005 to 2011, responsible for Comcast’s national and regional television networks, including E! Entertainment Network, Style Network, G4, the Golf Channel, PBS KIDS Sprout, VERSUS, TV One, International Channel networks, and eleven regional sports networks run under the aegis of Comcast Sports Group. Since 2011, Jeff Shell has been president, but not CEO, of NBCUniversal, based in London, U.K., and responsible for overseeing International TV Distribution, Global Television Networks, and International Television Production.

 

Shell serves on the boards of several non-profit organizations, including the National Constitution Center, and is active in a number of organizations involved in public school reform. A Democrat, Shell has made political contribution totaling $222,950 since 1995, mostly to Democratic candidates and committees, including $82,600 to the Democratic National Committee, $16,500 to the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, and thousands to numerous Democratic candidates, mostly at the Senatorial level. He has also contributed $42,000 to two broadcasting-related PACs: $25,000 to ComCast PAC and $17,000 to the National Cable and Telecommunications Association. According to the website OpenSecrets, Shell has contributed to neither of President Obama’s presidential campaigns, nor to his 2004 Senate campaign.

 

Shell and his wife Laura have a daughter, Anna.

-Matt Bewig

 

Official Biography

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Walter, Isaacson
Previous Chairman

President Barack Obama chose former Time managing editor and CNN executive Walter Isaacson to chair the Broadcasting Board of Governors, which runs Voice of America, Radio Free Europe, and other international broadcasts of the U.S. government. He was nominated on November 18, 2009, but not confirmed by the Senate until June 30, 2010.

 
Born May 20, 1952, in New Orleans, Louisiana, Isaacson graduated from the prep school Isidore Newman School and spent a summer at Deep Springs College as a participant in the Telluride Association Summer Program before attending Harvard. He received a bachelor’s degree in history and literature in 1974, and then attended Pembroke College at the University of Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar, earning a Master of Arts in philosophy, politics, and economics in 1976.
 
His journalism career began at The Sunday Times of London, before moving to the New Orleans Times-Picayune. In 1978 he joined Time and served the next 22 years at the national magazine as a political correspondent, national editor, and editor of new media before becoming managing editor in 1996. He became chairman and CEO of CNN in 2001, and two years later accepted the roles of president and CEO of The Aspen Institute, a nonpartisan educational and policy studies organization based in Washington, DC.
 
In October 2005, Democratic Governor Kathleen Blanco of Louisiana appointed Isaacson vice chairman of the Louisiana Recovery Authority, a 33-member policymaking board. In December 2007, he was appointed by President George W. Bush to chair the U.S.-Palestinian Partnership, which seeks to create economic and educational opportunities in the Palestinian territories.
 
In addition, Isaacson has served as chairman of the board of Teach for America, and as a member of the board of Tulane University, United Airlines, and the Bipartisan Policy Center. He also has served as the co-chair of the U.S.-Vietnam Dialogue Group on Agent Orange, a project of The Aspen Institute. He was also a member of the Advisory Council of Permella Weinberg Partners, a corporate advisory and investment firm.
 
 
Articles by Walter Isaacson (Aspen Institute)
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